Disaster Planning Made Simple

For many people, a little preparation could make a big difference in coping with the aftermath of a severe earthquake or storm. Disaster-planning experts say people should be prepared to go without power and most other basic services for up to 72 hours. That means no electricity, water, fire fighters or police.

With a few simple additions, the average household already has many of the resources needed to deal with a disaster. Here are a few suggestions and hints on how best to use what's already on hand.

Water. The water heater (30-40 gallons) should contain enough water to last a four-person household four days. (Turn off power before draining and be careful of sediments that can accumulate at the bottom of the tank.) Ice cubes in the freezer and liquid from canned food can be used. If you'd rather not store extra bottles of water, consider keeping purification tablets on hand. Household chlorine bleach will disinfect water, too. Use one-eighth of a teaspoon per gallon of water and let stand for 30 minutes before drinking. Do not use bleach with added soaps or fragrances.

Food. Most houses have ample food for several days. Use food in the refrigerator first, then the freezer. Frozen food will keep up to three days in an unopened freezer. Keeping a few extra canned goods in the back of the cupboard is always smart.

First Aid. Most homes have the necessary items to handle routine accidents. A basic first-aid kit and a book on first aid should be kept in a central location. It's a good idea to take a first-aid and CPR course from the Red Cross.

Fire Extinguishers. Have one or more fire extinguishers and learn how to use them. Have the extinguisher serviced according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Other essentials. Identify your home's utility shut-off valves and learn how to turn them off. Have at least one flashlight and a battery-powered radio. Make an evacuation plan so all family members know several escape routes and where to meet outside.

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